4th ICMM Pan-Asia Pacific Congress On Military Medicine

SECRETARIAT of THE ICMM PAN ASIA PACIFIC
REGIONAL WORKING GROUP

Tehran, Iran

International Committee of Military Medicine
Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces Logistics of Islamic Republic of Iran
General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran

About Tehran & Iran


Facts about Tehran
 
Geographical size: 730 km2 (280 sq. mi)
Population: 8,737,510 (2016 census)
Time zone: Iran Standard Time (UTC + 03:30)
Weather: Average temperature in October:
High 25°C / 77°F
Low 14°C / 57.2°F
Official Tehran municipality Website: http://en.tehran.ir 


Facts about Iran
 
Population
81,259,202 (2017 estimate) (18th in the world)
Currency unit:
Iranian Rial (IRR) - 10 Rials equates to 1 Toman
International Tel code:
0098
Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD)
.ir
Electricity
In Iran the power sockets are of type C and F. The standard voltage is 220 V and the standard frequency is 50 Hz.


Iran is a county in southwest Asia, country of mountains and deserts. Eastern Iran is dominated by a high plateau, with large salt flats and vast sand deserts. The plateau is surrounded by even higher mountains, including the Zagros to the west and the Alborz to the north. Its neighbors are Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, and Armenia in the north, Afghanistan, and Pakistan in the east, and Turkey and Iraq in the west. Tehran is the capital, the country’s largest city and the political, cultural, commercial and industrial center of the nation. Iran holds an important position in international energy security and world economy as a result of its large reserves of petroleum and natural gas.

Climate

 

Having 11 climates out of the world's 13, Iran's climate is diverse, ranging from arid and semi-arid, to subtropical along the Caspian coast and the northern forests. 
 
Average Monthly Temperature and Rainfall for Tehran from 2013 - 2017

History

Recent archaeological studies indicate that as early as 10,000 BC, people lived on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea, one of the few regions of the world which according to scientists escaped the Ice Age. They were probably the first men in the history of mankind to engage in agriculture and animal husbandry.


Medicine in Iran:
AvicennaThe practice and study of medicine in Persia has a long and prolific history. In the pre-Islamic Iran, the history of medicine dates back to four centuries before Christ and the primary principles of Iranian medicine were mentioned in Avesta. The Iranian academic centers like Gundeshapur University (3rd century AD) were a breeding ground for the joining of great scientists from different civilizations. Given the devoted observance of religious instructions by Muslims in Iran, it must be admitted that Islam played a major role in the hygiene and healthy living of Iranians.
Some Iranian Hakims (practitioners) such as Rhazes, and Avicenna, were not only responsible for accumulating all the existing information on medicine of the time, but adding to this knowledge by their own astute observations, experimentation, and skills. Books like “The Canon of Medicine” by Avicenna and “Kitab al-Hawi” by Rhazes were among the central texts in Western medical education from the 13th to the 18th centuries.

Today, with 58 medical schools, over 400 medical research facilities, and 364 medical science journals available, Iran is one of the leading countries in medical sciences in the middle east.

 
Language and literature


SaadiThe official language of Iran is Persian. Persian serves as a lingua franca in Iran and most publications and broadcastings are in this language.
Next to Persian, there are many publications and broadcastings in other relatively popular languages of Iran such as Lurish, Kurdish, Azeri, Arabic, and Armenian. Many languages originated in Iran, but Persian is the most used language. Persian belongs to the Iranian branch of the Indo-European family of languages. The oldest records in Old Persian date to the Achaemenid Empire and examples of Old Persian have been found in present-day Iran, Iraq, Turkey, and Egypt. Persian is spoken today primarily in Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan, but was historically a more widely understood language in an area ranging from the Middle East to India, significant populations of speakers in other Persian Gulf countries, as well as large communities around the World. The name of the modern Persian language is sometimes mentioned as Farsi in English texts.

“Human beings are members of a whole,
In 
creation of one essence and soul.
If one member is afflicted with pain,
Other members uneasy will remain.
If you have no sympathy for human pain,
The name of human you cannot retain”


These verses by great Iranian poet Saadi Shirazi is written in the entrance to the Hall of Nations of the UN building in New York.

 
Tomb of Saadi, Shiraz 
Tomb of Saadi, Shiraz

Iranian Calendar

The time reckoning in Iranian official calendar, which is also named The Solar Hijri calendar, is based on the Earth's movements around the Sun. The first day of the new year is called Nowruz, which is usually equal to 21 March, and it is celebrated around the world by many people.
The first version of the modern Solar Hijri calendar, the Jalali calendar, was developed in the 11th century by a group of astronomers including the Persian scientist Omar Khayyam.
The Solar Hijri year count starts with the Islamic prophet Mohammed's migration (Hegira or Hijrah) to Medina in 622 A.D. Although the Solar Hijri calendar shares this start date with the Islamic calendar (Hijri calendar), the calendar systems are not related otherwise.
A year in the Solar Hijri calendar is divided into 12 months of varying lengths. The first 6 months have 31 days, and months 7 through 11 have 30 days. The last month
, Esfand, has 29 days in a common year and 30 days in a leap year.

UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Iran

With 22 Sites, Iran is among top ten countries with the most UNESCO World Heritage Sites. To Know more about them please refer to the following addresses:

Iran’s UNESCO World Heritage Sites:
http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/ir 

Iranian National Commission for UNESCO:
http://en.irunesco.org/ 


Tehran’s spectacular Golestan Palace complex, a World Heritage site, is a masterpiece of Persian decorative arts and crafts.
http://www.golestanpalace.ir/ 

 
Golestan Palace Complex, Tehran
Golestan Palace Complex, Tehran